Why did Moldova’s population decrease after independence?

Following its independence, Moldova experienced a population decline driven by several interconnected demographic and socioeconomic factors:

• Emigration: A significant number of Moldovans emigrated to other countries in search of better economic opportunities.1
• End of Immigration: The virtual cessation of immigration from Russia and Ukraine, which had previously bolstered population growth, contributed to the downward trend.1
• Public Health Challenges: In the early 1990s, a sharp decline in the standard of living and the quality of public health facilities led to reduced life expectancy. During this period, the country faced serious issues regarding insufficient healthcare, particularly in rural areas, and high rates of infant mortality.1
• Low Birth Rates: In the early 21st century, Moldova’s birth rate remained low compared to the global average, further impacting demographic stability.1