Why did Luxembourg suffer during the Thirty Years’ War?

Although Luxembourg initially remained aloof from the Thirty Years’ War, it began to suffer significantly in 1635 when France became involved in the conflict. This intervention plunged the duchy into a period of disaster characterized by widespread war, famine, and epidemics.12

Furthermore, the suffering in Luxembourg did not conclude with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as the conflict continued in the region until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.12