Why can Yunnan grow crops from tropical and temperate climates?

Yunnan’s ability to cultivate crops from both tropical and temperate climates is primarily due to its diverse topography and the resulting vertical climatic zones.12

In the western canyon region, the dramatic variation in elevation—ranging from deep, sultry, and humid valley floors to temperate zones at 6,000 to 11,000 feet (1,830 to 3,350 meters) and freezing mountain peaks—creates distinct environments that support a wide variety of plant life. While the extreme south features low-lying valleys suitable for tropical crops like bananas, coconuts, and coffee, the higher elevations and the eastern plateau region provide temperate conditions for crops such as wheat, barley, and various fruits.12

Additionally, the province benefits from a 10-month growing season and the influence of rain-bearing monsoon winds from the Pacific and Indian oceans, which provide the necessary precipitation for diverse agricultural production. This combination of vertical relief and favorable climate allows for the successful cultivation of both tropical and temperate agricultural products.132