Why are the names Persian Gulf and Arabian Gulf used for the same body of water?

The body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran is historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf. This name has been used consistently since ancient times, reflecting the prominence of the Achaemenian Empire and its influence over the region's trade and diplomacy.12

The alternative name, "Arabian Gulf," emerged in the mid-20th century as regional geopolitical tensions intensified, particularly following the surge in oil production after World War II. Arab leaders began promoting this term to emphasize the maritime presence of Arab dynasties and to challenge the association of the gulf with Iranian power.1

While the term "Arabian Gulf" is used by Arab nations to assert their regional identity and maritime claims, it has not gained broad international acceptance. The persistence of these two names reflects the ongoing strategic and political significance of the region, where control over waterways and resources has historically fueled conflict and diplomatic disputes.13