Why are earthquakes a major hazard in Armenia?

Earthquakes are a major hazard in Armenia primarily due to the country's inherent geologic instability. Armenia is a mountainous nation characterized by a complex landscape of lofty ranges, deep river valleys, and volcanic plateaus, which are indicative of an active and shifting tectonic environment.1

This instability has historically resulted in devastating seismic events, such as the 1988 earthquake that destroyed the town of Spitak and caused catastrophic damage to Gyumri, resulting in approximately 25,000 fatalities. Because of this ongoing geologic activity, the region remains highly susceptible to damaging earthquakes.1