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Why are Jupiterâs auroras visible near its magnetic poles?
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Jupiter
Photograph of Jupiter taken by Voyager 1 on February 1, 1979, at a range of 32.7 million km (20.3 million miles). Prominent are the planet's pastel-shaded cloud bands and Great Red Spot (lower centre).
Jupiterâs auroras are visible near its magnetic poles because charged particles, such as protons from the magnetosphere, are guided by the planet's magnetic field lines.1
These particles spiral along the magnetic field lines and are funneled toward the ionosphere near the poles. As they crash into the atmosphereâwhich is dominated by molecular hydrogenâthey form excited ions. The resulting emission of energy from these collisions creates the auroras, which are observable at both poles. This process is similar to how auroras are formed on Earth, where charged particles are conducted along magnetic field lines toward the poles, where they collide with atmospheric atoms.12