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Britannica Sources used in this answer

Which waterways connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea?

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Map of the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding regions, showing physical features such as sea basins and depths, major coastal cities, country boundaries, and islands. The map includes a small locator inset highlighting the Mediterranean area within Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is connected to the Black Sea through a series of waterways located in Turkish territory, collectively known as the Turkish Straits. These connecting bodies of water are:12

  • The Dardanelles: A strait connecting the Mediterranean (via the Aegean Sea) to the Sea of Marmara.13
  • The Sea of Marmara: An inland sea situated between the Dardanelles and the Bosporus.13
  • The Bosporus: A strait connecting the Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea.143