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Which trees grow in the lower and upper forest zones of the Carpathian Mountains?
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Carpathian Mountains
Regional division of the Carpathian Mountains (top) and a geologic cross section of the Western Carpathians (bottom). The location of the cross section is shown by the line N–S on the map.
In the Carpathian Mountains, the vegetation is organized into distinct altitudinal zones. The tree species found in the forest stages are as follows:
- Lower forest zone: This stage is characterized by the presence of beech trees.1
- Upper forest zone: This stage is characterized by the presence of spruce trees.1
Beyond these forest zones, the mountains feature a subalpine stage dominated by dwarf pine growth and an alpine stage consisting of high mountain pastures. Additionally, the foreland stage of the region is noted for the presence of oaks and elms.1