Which traditional Japanese arts include the tea ceremony, calligraphy, and ikebana?

The tea ceremony, calligraphy, and ikebana are considered highly refined traditional arts of Japan. These practices are deeply rooted in Japanese culture and often serve as aesthetic accomplishments.1

• Tea ceremony: A time-honoured, ritualized institution rooted in the principles of Zen Buddhism. It focuses on the aesthetic preparation and serving of tea, emphasizing qualities such as harmony, respect, cleanliness, and tranquillity.2
• Calligraphy: A traditional art form that has historically been central to Japanese aesthetic expression. It is frequently integrated into the environment of the tea ceremony, where pieces of calligraphy are often displayed in the tokonoma (alcove) to set a specific mood or theme.324
• Ikebana: The traditional art of flower arranging. It is based on the harmony of linear constructions and the appreciation of natural materials. Like calligraphy, ikebana arrangements are commonly displayed during tea ceremonies to enhance the atmosphere.152

These arts are interconnected through their shared focus on simplicity, refinement, and the cultivation of a deep awareness of one's surroundings.14