Which territories had Genghis Khan conquered by the time he died in 1227?

By the time of his death in 1227, Genghis Khan had established a vast empire that spanned a massive landmass extending from Beijing in the east to the Caspian Sea in the west.1

His territorial conquests included:

• Mongolia: Having united the nomadic tribes of the steppe, he established his base of power here.23
• Northern China: He successfully campaigned against the Jin dynasty, capturing and sacking their capital, Zhongdu (modern Beijing), in 1215.23
• Xi Xia: He secured his western flank by conquering the Tangut state of Xi (Western) Xia, a campaign he was completing at the time of his death.23
• Karakhitai: He absorbed these lands, which included parts of Russian Turkistan and Kashgar in Chinese Turkistan.24
• Khwārezm: He conquered the Khwārezmian Empire, encompassing regions in present-day Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.23

Additionally, his generals had conducted raids into Persia and Russia, though the systematic expansion into these regions and the rest of China was largely carried out by his successors.15