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Which subjects are controlled by state governments under India’s State List?
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India
The Indian flag is also called the tricolor. The top band is saffron in color (signifying courage), the middle band is white (signifying peace and truth), and the bottom band is green (signifying fertility and growth). The wheel in the middle depicts the wheel of the law in the lion capital in Sarnath that Mauryan emperor Ashoka created.
Under the Constitution of India, the Seventh Schedule divides legislative powers between the union and state governments. The State List contains subjects over which state governments have the exclusive authority to legislate.123
These subjects include:
- Law and order13
- Public health and sanitation134
- Local government1
- Agriculture34
- Betting and gambling1
- Taxation on agricultural income, entertainment, and alcoholic beverages1
While states exercise control over these areas, the Indian constitution maintains a strong centralizing tendency, and the union government retains greater overall power, including the ability to assume control of state functions during emergencies.13