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Which seven provinces formed the Dutch Republic?

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The Dutch Republic, also known as the United Provinces of the Netherlands, was formed by seven northern provinces that secured their independence from Spain. These seven provinces were:123

Holland
Zeeland
Utrecht
Gelderland
Overijssel
Friesland
Groningen4

These provinces were bound together by the Union of Utrecht in 1579, which established a military and political league to resist Spanish rule and eventually served as the foundation for the independent state.243