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Which rivers bring large amounts of freshwater into the Baltic Sea?

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Map showing the physical features, major cities, and national boundaries around the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and English Channel regions of northern and western Europe. The map highlights coastal countries including the United Kingdom, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Russia, with sea depths indicated and key islands, peninsulas, and underwater trenches labeled. — Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea, the North Sea, and the English Channel.

The Baltic Sea receives significant freshwater input from several major rivers, which contribute to its relatively low salinity levels. Among the most prominent are the Vistula and the Oder, both of which drain regions characterized by a temperate continental climate.1

Additionally, the Neman River (Nemunas) serves as a major drainage source for the Baltic region, flowing through Lithuania with the slow, meandering characteristics typical of lowland rivers. These rivers, along with general surface runoff and spring snowmelt, play a critical role in the hydrology of the Baltic Sea, causing a constant outflow of surface water into the North Sea.21