Which people and institutions moved to Chongqing during the Sino-Japanese War?

In 1938, following the outbreak of the second Sino-Japanese War, Chongqing became the capital of the Nationalist government. This shift led to a massive influx of people and institutions from coastal provinces, causing the city's population to surge from fewer than 250,000 to more than 1,000,000.1

The following entities and groups relocated to the city to support the war effort:

• Government and Diplomacy: Hundreds of government offices were moved from Nanjing to Chongqing, accompanied by the diplomatic missions of various foreign countries.1
• Industry and Infrastructure: Tens of thousands of people arrived from coastal regions, bringing with them essential industrial assets, including factories and arsenals.1
• Education and Culture: Numerous schools were relocated to the city. Additionally, many writers fled to the interior during the war, with many intellectuals congregating in Chongqing, where they contributed to the war effort through patriotic literature.12

Friendly foreign powers also provided critical supplies to the city to bolster the Nationalist war effort during this period.1