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Which other languages are spoken near Karnataka’s borders?

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Keshava temple — Karnataka Keshava Temple, Somanathapura, Karnataka, India.

In Karnataka, Kannada is the official language and is spoken by the majority of the population. However, due to the state's geographic location and proximity to neighboring regions, several other languages are commonly spoken near its borders.12

These languages include:

Tamil and Telugu: Both are Dravidian languages spoken toward the state's borders.1
Marathi and Konkani: These are Indo-Aryan languages also found in border areas. Konkani is particularly associated with the city of Mangaluru in the southwestern part of the state.1

Additionally, Hindi is sometimes used for trade and business purposes throughout the state. In the Nilgiri Hills near the border with Tamil Nadu, other languages such as Toda, Kota, Irula, and Kurumba are spoken by local communities.13