Which measures have been used to protect Black Sea marine life from pollution?

Various measures have been implemented to protect the Black Sea’s marine life and address environmental degradation. Early efforts included the 1966 ban on dolphin fishing enacted by Soviet authorities, as well as the introduction of restrictions on oil tankers and the disposal of industrial wastes.1

In the 1990s, the six countries bordering the Black Sea formalized their commitment to environmental stewardship by signing the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution, also known as the Bucharest Convention. This comprehensive agreement established a framework for implementing various programs designed to control pollution, sustain regional fisheries, and protect the sea's diverse marine life. These collaborative actions are essential for maintaining the ecological health of the basin, which faces unique challenges such as the natural presence of a deep, oxygen-depleted hydrogen sulfide layer.123