Which major mountain ranges are located in northern Pakistan?

Northern Pakistan is defined by a complex system of high-altitude mountain ranges that form a significant physical barrier. The major ranges located in this region include:

• The Himalayas: The western Himalayan system occupies the northern end of Pakistan and is divided into three distinct ranges: the Pir Panjal Range, the Zanskar Range, and the Ladakh Range.1
• The Karakoram Range: Situated to the north of the Himalayas, this separate system contains some of the world's highest peaks, including K2.1
• The Hindu Kush: This range runs along the border with Afghanistan. A notable sub-region within Pakistan is the Hindu Raj, a long chain of mountains that includes peaks such as Mount Darkot and Buni Zom.2
• The Shiwalik Range: Located south of the Pir Panjal, this range extends over the southern parts of the Hazara and Murree hills.1

These ranges vary significantly in elevation, with many peaks exceeding 15,000 feet and several surpassing 26,000 feet, such as Nanga Parbat.1