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Which major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have occurred in the Ring of Fire since 1800?

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Map of the Pacific Ocean showing depth contours in varying shades of blue, major submarine features such as trenches, ridges, and basins labeled throughout the ocean, and neighboring landmasses including Asia, Australia, North and South America. Principal cities along the Pacific rim and island groups are marked, along with international boundaries.
Pacific Ocean

The Ring of Fire is a seismically active belt surrounding the Pacific basin that experiences the majority of the world's strongest earthquakes and approximately 75 percent of its volcanoes. Since 1800, this region has been the site of numerous significant geological events.12

Major Volcanic Eruptions

Several explosive eruptions have occurred within the belt since the 19th century:
* Mount Tambora (1815)12
* Krakatoa (1883)12
* Novarupta (1912)12
* Mount Saint Helens (1980)1
* Mount Ruiz (1985)1
* Mount Pinatubo (1991)12
* Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (2022)2

Major Earthquakes

The Ring of Fire has hosted some of the largest earthquakes in recorded history, often caused by the subduction of tectonic plates:13
* Chile earthquake (1960)12
* Alaska earthquake (1964)12
* Chile earthquake (2010)1
* Japan earthquake and tsunami (2011)12

While the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by a massive earthquake, it is also frequently associated with the seismic activity of this broader region. These events underscore the intense tectonic stresses generated where oceanic plates converge with and subduct under continental landmasses.13