Which kinds of farming developed in the Sudanic savanna zone?

In the savanna regions of Africa, agriculture is characterized by the production of specific grains and various farming methods. Millet and sorghum are the principal crops grown in these zones. While wheat production was historically restricted to other regions, new varieties have enabled its cultivation in savanna countries like Nigeria through irrigation.1

In the context of Sudan, which features savanna landscapes, agricultural development includes four distinct subsectors:
* Modern irrigated farming: Large-scale operations utilizing mechanized equipment and government investment.2
* Mechanized rain-fed crop production: Farming reliant on natural rainfall rather than irrigation systems.2
* Traditional rain-fed farming: A common practice for many households engaged in subsistence farming, particularly in low-rainfall areas.23
* Livestock raising: The keeping of animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys, and poultry, which has evolved from a household activity into an important commercial export.23

Additionally, protein-rich legumes, such as cowpeas and soybeans, are often sown alongside other crops in these regions.4