Which industries made up Halifax’s 19th-century manufacturing base?

During the mid-19th century, the manufacturing base of Halifax, Nova Scotia, primarily consisted of:

• Shipbuilding
• Sugar refining

These industries were part of the city's broader economic role as a center for finance and wholesaling during that period. However, following the Canadian confederation in 1867, the implementation of protectionist policies and the subsequent economic shifts led to the decline of these manufacturing functions as local firms were increasingly subject to mergers and takeovers by companies based in Montreal and Toronto.1