Which industries developed in Quebec city after its earlier shipbuilding industry declined?

Following the decline of its early shipbuilding industry—which was eroded by the rise of steam- and steel-based technologies and the diversion of trade routes—Quebec city transitioned toward a more diversified economic base.

Labor-intensive manufacturing remained a significant component of the local economy, specifically through the operation of tanneries, as well as clothing and shoe manufacturers. The subsequent development of inexpensive hydroelectric power facilitated the establishment of a pulp and paper mill in the 1920s, followed by the addition of a refinery by the 1970s.1

In the contemporary era, the city's manufacturing sector is supported by its status as a major port and transportation hub. Current industrial activities include the production of newsprint, beverages, food processing, chemicals, and printing. Additionally, the city’s economy is heavily dominated by the service sector, driven largely by civil servants and administrators, as well as a robust tourism industry that has been a mainstay for over 150 years.2