Which industries developed around Antwerp’s port in the 20th century?

During the 20th century, the industrial landscape around Antwerp’s port underwent significant expansion, particularly following the two world wars. Key developments included:

• Petroleum and Petrochemicals: The first petroleum refineries were established in the 1920s and 1930s. Following World War II, this sector grew rapidly, with larger refineries and petrochemical industries becoming central to the city's economy by the 1960s.1
• Automotive Industry: Automobile assembly plants were established alongside early refineries in the 1920s and 1930s. In the post-war period, this sector was restructured and expanded on a much larger scale.1
• Chemical Industry: Large-scale chemical plants were established in the 1960s, further cementing the port's role as a major industrial hub.1

By the early 21st century, these developments had established Antwerp as one of the world’s most important petrochemical centers. These industries were supported by a robust network of commercial agencies, banking, insurance, and transport infrastructure that evolved alongside the port's physical expansion.1