Which high-technology fields have received research investment in Shanghai since the late 1970s?

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Since the late 1970s, Shanghai has served as a primary center for scientific and technological research in China, supported by a highly skilled workforce and leading institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences.12

To foster modernization and technological advancement, significant research investments have been directed toward several high-technology fields, including:

These investments have complemented the city's broader industrial evolution, which has shifted from a traditional focus on heavy industry—such as iron and steel—toward light industry and the production of sophisticated equipment, including precision instruments and manufacturing technology for electronic devices.3