Which ethnic groups traditionally lived as nomadic pastoralists in Mali?

In Mali, the ethnic groups traditionally associated with a nomadic pastoralist way of life are the Tuareg and the Fulani (Fulbe).1

• Tuareg: These Berber-speaking pastoralists inhabit areas ranging from the desert regions of the north to the steppe and savanna of the south. Historically, their lifestyle involved breeding livestock such as zebu cattle and camels, as well as caravan trading and raiding.12
• Fulani: Traditionally, the Fulani were nomadic pastoralists of the Sahel and the Macina region located southwest of Timbuktu.1

While these groups are historically defined by this tradition, it is important to note that the vast majority of both the Tuareg and the Fulani now live in permanent settlements.1