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Which ethnic groups have been incorporated into the Ngwato state?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
Flag of Botswana with a light blue field and, across the center, a horizontal black stripe bordered by thin white stripes.
Botswana

The Ngwato state, located in east-central Botswana, is the largest traditional "tribal" state in the country. Although it is a Tswana state, it is estimated that less than one-fifth of its population is of ethnic Tswana origin.1

The major ethnic groups that have been incorporated into the Ngwato state include:

  • Khalagari
  • Tswapong (Northern Sotho)
  • Birwa (Northern Sotho)
  • Kalanga (Western Shona)

While these groups were incorporated into the state, some Kalanga have resisted full incorporation, as they have larger populations to the east in Zimbabwe.1