Which ethnic groups are historically associated with modern Malawi?
Modern Malawi is historically associated with ten major ethnic groups, all of whom speak Bantu languages. These groups are:
The historical development of these groups is deeply intertwined with the region's past. For instance, the Chewa were central to the Maravi Confederacy, a political state established around 1480 that influenced much of central and southern Malawi. The Yao, who migrated into the region between 1830 and 1860, became significant traders and military leaders, eventually establishing their own spheres of influence. Similarly, the Ngoni entered the region during the 19th century as refugees fleeing the Zulu states, becoming a dominant ruling class in their respective areas. These groups have shaped the cultural, linguistic, and political landscape of the country over many centuries.231