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Which early Tamil literary works are considered important classics?

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Mamallapuram: Shore Temple — Tamil Nadu Shore Temple, Mamallapuram, near Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Early Tamil literature is defined by several foundational works that established the language's rich literary tradition. These classics are generally categorized into the Sangam period and the subsequent era of major epics and ethical treatises.

Sangam Literature

The earliest writings, produced between the 1st and 4th century CE, are known as Sangam literature. Key works include:
* Tolkappiyam: A comprehensive treatise on grammar and rhetoric.12
* Ettuttokai: Eight anthologies of poetry, including Ainkurunuru, Kuruntokai, Narrinai, Akananuru, Kalittokai, Patirruppattu, Purananuru, and Paripatal.1
* Pattupattu: A collection of 10 idylls that provide detailed insights into early Tamil life.1

Epics and Ethical Works

Following the Sangam period, several influential works emerged:
* Twin Epics: The Cilappatikāram ("The Lay of the Anklet") and Maṇimēkalai ("The Girdle of Gems") are considered masterpieces of the 4th–6th centuries.34
* Tirukkural: A highly celebrated collection of 1,330 aphorisms on virtue, government, and love, attributed to the poet Tiruvalluvar.35