Which crops are important to Pakistan's agriculture and exports?

Agriculture is a cornerstone of Pakistan's economy, providing livelihoods for a large portion of the population and supporting significant export sectors.1

Key Crops

• Wheat: The national staple, for which Pakistan achieved self-sufficiency around 1970.1
• Cotton: A leading cash crop that serves as the foundation for the country's extensive textile industry.12
• Rice: The second major food staple and a vital export commodity.12
• Sugarcane: Production has increased significantly, supported by domestic subsidies.1
• Other Crops: These include chickpeas, corn (maize), pearl millet, rapeseed, mustard, and various garden crops such as onions, peppers, and potatoes.1

Agricultural Exports

While the composition of trade has shifted toward manufactured goods, Pakistan remains heavily dependent on agriculture-based exports. Cotton goods represent the bulk of manufactured exports, and the country continues to export raw cotton. Other significant agricultural exports include rice, leather and leather goods, and carpets. Additionally, the fisheries sector contributes to exports, particularly through the sale of lobster and other shellfish.21

Note: The cultivation of illicit narcotics, such as opium poppy and cannabis, remains a part of the informal economy.1