Which countries export petroleum through the Strait of Hormuz?

The Strait of Hormuz serves as the primary maritime gateway for petroleum exports from the Persian Gulf. The major oil-producing countries that rely on this route to export the majority of their oil include:

• Iran
• Iraq
• Kuwait
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• United Arab Emirates

While some of these nations have developed pipelines to divert a portion of their exports—such as Saudi Arabia’s pipeline to the Red Sea and the United Arab Emirates' Habshan-Fujairah pipeline to the Gulf of Oman—the Strait of Hormuz remains a vital chokepoint for the global economy, as land-based transport is not considered a logistically viable alternative for the massive volumes of oil these countries export by sea.12