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Which countries and regions are crossed by the Eurasian Steppe?

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Map showing the extent of the Eurasian steppes, highlighted in green, stretching from eastern Europe through Ukraine and southern Russia, across Kazakhstan, and into Mongolia and northern China. The map labels the Western Steppe and Eastern Steppe regions and includes major geographic features, countries, and ancient sites within the steppe zone. — the Steppe Extent of the Eurasian steppes.

The Eurasian Steppe is a vast belt of grassland that stretches approximately 5,000 miles (8,000 km) across the continent. It is not confined to a single nation but spans a wide geographic range from Eastern Europe to East Asia.12

The steppe crosses or encompasses the following countries and regions:

Western Segment: This area extends from Hungary in the west, through Ukraine, and includes parts of Romania. It continues across the lower Volga region and extends past the Ural Mountains into the vast plains of Central Asia.312
Eastern Segment: Moving eastward from the Altai Mountains, the steppe encompasses Mongolia and adjacent regions, eventually reaching Manchuria in the east.31

While mountain ranges like the Altai and the Greater Khingan Range interrupt the landscape, the region is historically defined by its continuity, which allowed for the movement of nomadic peoples and trade across the entire breadth of the Eurasian grassland.31