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Which battles helped Arab Muslim armies take control of Palestine from the Byzantine Empire?

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Panoramic view of a small valley with a stream, olive trees, and terraced hillsides in the countryside near Ramallah, Palestine, under a sky with scattered clouds. — Palestine View from a small valley with a stream between large hills of olive groves.

The Arab Muslim conquest of Palestine from the Byzantine Empire was secured through several key military engagements during the 7th century:

Wadi Al-Arabah: This early battle took place south of the Dead Sea, where Byzantine defenders were defeated and subsequently pursued toward Gaza.1
Battle of Ajnādayn: Fought on July 30, 634, in southern Palestine, this victory for the combined Arab forces under Khālid ibn al-Walīd left the region open to further invasion.1
Battle of Yarmouk: Occurring on August 20, 636, this decisive engagement near the Yarmouk River resulted in a major defeat for the Byzantine army. This victory effectively ended Byzantine rule in Syria and Palestine, leading to the subsequent surrender of Jerusalem in 638 and Caesarea in 640.21

These battles were pivotal in establishing the Caliphate’s control over the region, transitioning Palestine into a new administrative era under the leadership of the caliph ‘Umar I.1