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Which archaeologist excavated Babylon between 1899 and 1917?

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Reconstructed Ishtar Gate at Babylon near Al-Hillah, Iraq, featuring blue walls decorated with rows of yellow and white animal reliefs and a central arched entrance. — Babylon A reconstruction of the Ishtar Gate at the ruins of Babylon, near modern Al-Ḥillah, Iraq.

The archaeologist who conducted the major excavation of Babylon between 1899 and 1917 was the German architect and archaeologist Robert Koldewey.

Working under the auspices of the German Orient Society, Koldewey began his work at the site on March 26, 1899, and continued his efforts there for 18 years. His extensive excavations revealed significant historical structures, including the foundation of the temple of Marduk, the Ishtar Gate, the city's great fortress wall, and a structure he believed to be the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.12