Which air masses influence weather in Poland?

The weather in Poland is shaped by the collision of several distinct air masses, which contribute to the country's highly variable, transitional climate. These influences include:

• Oceanic air masses: Arriving from the west, these contribute to the maritime character of the region.1
• Polar air: Cold air masses originating from Scandinavia or Russia frequently influence the country. During winter, polar-continental air often dominates, resulting in crisp, frosty conditions, sometimes followed by even colder Arctic air.1
• Subtropical air: Warmer air from the south influences the climate, with warm, dry, subtropical-continental air often providing pleasant weather during late summer and autumn.1

Additionally, barometric depressions moving eastward along the polar front bring cloudy and wet conditions to Poland throughout the year.1