Which Punjabi dance traditions are commonly performed at festivals?

In the Punjab region, several vibrant dance traditions are commonly performed during festivals and celebrations. These dances are integral to the cultural life of the state, often accompanying seasonal, religious, and social events.1

• Bhangra: Originally a vigorous harvest dance performed by men, it is now a staple at festivals like Baisakhi, as well as weddings and other celebrations. It is characterized by energetic movements, such as leaps and kicks, performed to the rhythmic beat of the dhol (drum).213
• Giddha: A traditional, humorous song-and-dance genre performed by women. Dancers typically move in a circle, clapping their hands to maintain rhythm, while pairs of women may step into the center to perform mimetic dances enacting boliyan (two-line songs).415
• Jhumar: A popular folk dance genre often featured during festive occasions in Punjab.1
• Sammi: A dance performed by women, traditionally associated with a legendary tale of love. Unlike many other energetic Punjabi folk dances, it is known for its slower rhythm and emotive, sometimes melancholic, musical accompaniment.51

These traditions continue to serve as vital expressions of Punjabi identity and community spirit.21