Which English Channel ports gained container and oil-refining activity?

The ports of Southampton in England and Le Havre in France have both experienced a significant shift in their operations. While they have lost much of their traditional passenger traffic, they have gained tremendous capacity for container handling and oil refining, alongside experiencing general commercial growth.1

At Le Havre specifically, the port has undergone extensive expansion since the early 1970s, which included the restructuring of existing facilities to create specialized areas for containers and dry bulks, as well as the development of a large industrial zone dedicated to oil refining and petrochemical industries.2