When was Gojoseon established on the Korean Peninsula?

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Map of the Korean Peninsula highlighted in orange, showing North Korea in the north and South Korea in the south. The peninsula is bordered by China and Russia to the north, the Yellow Sea to the west, the East Sea (Sea of Japan) to the east, and Japan across the sea to the southeast. A small inset globe at the top left shows the peninsula's location in East Asia. — Korea Map of the Korean Peninsula, indicating northern and southern regions.

Gojoseon, recognized as the first known kingdom on the Korean Peninsula, was established in the Taedong River basin. While the kingdom is rooted in the legend of its founder, Tangun, historical records do not provide a specific calendar year for its initial founding. However, the state is noted to have developed into a significant league of tribes by approximately the 4th century BCE.1