When did the PAIGC begin its armed campaign against Portuguese rule?

The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cabo Verde (PAIGC) launched its armed campaign against Portuguese rule in January 1963.123

Initially, the PAIGC sought to achieve independence through peaceful protest. However, after the Portuguese colonial authorities responded to a 1959 dockworkers' strike with violence—an event known as the Pidjiguiti Massacre—the party concluded that peaceful methods were insufficient to end the colonial regime. Following a period of political preparation and military training, the movement shifted its focus to a rurally based armed struggle, which ultimately led to steady military progress and the eventual declaration of independence in 1973.123