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When did the Chinese Nationalist government introduce the 11-dash line?

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Physical map of the East China Sea, South China Sea, and Yellow Sea, showing surrounding countries, major cities, and maritime boundaries. The map highlights sea depths with color shading, features such as the Macclesfield Bank and Philippine Trench, and includes a locator inset for regional context.
South China Sea

The Chinese Nationalist government (Kuomintang) introduced the 11-dash line in 1947 under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.1

This map was created during the Chinese Civil War to emphasize Chinese sovereignty and reflect nationalist sentiment following a period of foreign influence in the region. After the Chinese Communist Party defeated the Nationalists and established the People's Republic of China, the new government in Beijing claimed successor status to these nautical territorial claims, eventually modifying the 11-dash line into the 9-dash line used in more recent decades.12