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When did Russia abolish the khanates of the Middle Horde, Little Horde, and Great Horde?
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Russia systematically abolished the autonomy of the Kazakh khans during the 19th century to consolidate control over the region. The dates for the abolition of the three Kazakh khanates are as follows:
- Middle Horde: 18221
- Little Horde: 18241
- Great Horde: 18481
These actions were taken by the Russian government following a period of increasing political fragmentation and a series of ineffectual uprisings, most notably the revolt led by Batyr Srym in the late 18th century.1