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When did Roman rule over Egypt begin?

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Flag of Egypt with horizontal red, white, and black stripes and a gold eagle centered on the white stripe. — Egypt Flag of Egypt.

Roman rule over Egypt began in 30 BCE. This followed the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian (later known as Augustus) at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. Upon the subjection of the kingdom, Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Empire as a province governed by a prefect who reported directly to the emperor.12