When did Panama separate from Spain and join Gran Colombia?

Panama seceded from Spain and joined the Gran Colombia union in the autumn of 1821.1

While other regions in Spanish America were actively agitating for independence, Panama initially remained loyal due to its reliance on seaborne trade and its relative isolation from other mutinous colonies. The decision to change sides and seek independence was prompted by Spanish merchants securing the revocation of a royal decree that had previously authorized foreign trade.1