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What replaced Vienna’s inner ramparts in the 19th century?
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Vienna
Neptune's Fountain (foreground) and the Gloriette, on the grounds of Schloss Schönbrunn, Vienna.
In the 19th century, Vienna’s inner ramparts were razed in 1857 and the city ditches were filled in to make way for the Ringstrasse, a grand circular road that opened in 1865.1