What powers does the Egyptian president have under the constitution?

Under the Egyptian constitution, the president serves as the head of state and, alongside the cabinet, holds executive authority. To be eligible for the office, an individual must be an Egyptian citizen born to Egyptian parents and be at least 40 years old. Presidential terms are six years long, with a limit of two terms.12

The president’s powers include:

• Appointments: The president appoints the prime minister, cabinet ministers, deputy ministers, and various civil and military officials. Additionally, the president appoints one-third of the members of the Senate.1
• Executive and Legal Authority: The president has the power to grant amnesty and reduce sentences. While the president can dismiss officials in accordance with the law, they cannot dissolve the House of Representatives without holding a public referendum.1
• Military Command: The president is the supreme commander of the armed forces. However, the power to declare war is restricted; it requires consultation with the National Defense Council and the approval of a two-thirds majority in the House of Representatives.1

The House of Representatives maintains checks on this power, including the ability to impeach the president with a two-thirds majority vote.1