What mountain-building events occurred as Pangea formed?

The formation of the supercontinent Pangea was driven by extensive mountain-building events, or orogenies, resulting from the collision of major continental landmasses.12

The most significant of these was the Ouachita-Alleghenian-Hercynian orogeny, which occurred during the late Carboniferous Period and into the Permian Period. This event involved the collision of the major landmasses of Laurussia and Gondwana, leading to the formation of several major mountain ranges, including:1

• The Ouachita Mountains in North America.1
• The southern Appalachian Mountains.1
• The Hercynide Mountains in southern Europe.1
• The Mauritanide Mountains in northern Africa.1

Additionally, the Variscan orogenic belt—which spans across western Europe—developed from the collision between Africa and a North American–North European continent between 370 and 290 million years ago. Other notable tectonic activity during this era included the elevation of the ancestral Rocky Mountains and the Ural Mountains. These high mountain chains significantly influenced global climate patterns by disrupting atmospheric flow.312