What landscapes dominate most of Lower Saxony?

The landscape of Lower Saxony is primarily dominated by the North German Plain, which covers most of the state.1

The northern half of the state is characterized by sandy lowlands featuring heath, bog, and polder, interspersed with scattered forests. In the northwest, coastal areas and the East Frisian Islands lie at or below sea level and are protected by dikes. The northeastern region contains the Lüneburg Heath, a less-fertile area known for its forests and ancient megalithic structures.1

In contrast to the northern lowlands, the southern portion of Lower Saxony features a highland area that includes the Harz, Weser, and Deister mountains. Between the northern plains and these southern uplands lies a narrow, fertile east-west belt of loess soil known as the Börde, which supports highly productive agriculture.12