What landforms make up Panama’s central mountain spine?

Panama’s central mountain spine is primarily composed of two major mountain ranges that extend across nearly the entire length of the country, dividing it into Atlantic- and Pacific-facing slopes.1

These two principal ranges are:

• The Tabasará Mountains (Cordillera Central): Located in the western portion of the country.1
• The Cordillera de San Blas: Located in the eastern portion of the country.1

These ranges are separated near the center of the country by a saddle of lower land, which serves as the site of the Panama Canal. The highlands and mountains throughout the country are made up primarily of igneous (volcanic) rocks, and the region includes the country’s highest peak, the inactive volcano known as Barú.1