What landforms are common in the Northern Ural Mountains?

The Northern Ural Mountains are characterized by several distinct landforms shaped by tectonic activity and intensive weathering. Key features include:

• Flattened Summits: Many mountain peaks in this section are flattened, representing the remnants of ancient peneplains that were uplifted by geologically recent tectonic movements.1
• Seas of Stone: Due to intensive weathering, the slopes and summits of the Northern Urals are frequently covered in vast areas of rock debris, often described as "seas of stone".1
• Ridges and Troughs: The region features high ranges and broad-topped ridges composed of weather-resistant rocks such as gabbro, quartzites, and schists. Additionally, there are north–south troughs formed of limestone that typically contain river valleys.1
• Karst Topography: On the western slopes, karst topography is highly developed, manifesting in numerous caves, basins, and underground streams.1
• Rocky Outliers: In contrast to the western slopes, the eastern slopes are marked by rocky outliers that rise above flattened surfaces.1