What kinds of biological weapons were tested on Vozrozhdenya Island during the Cold War?

Vozrozhdenya Island, located in the Aral Sea, served as a secret testing ground for Soviet biological weapons during the Cold War. Experiments conducted on the island included the testing of agents such as tularemia and bubonic plague. Additionally, hundreds of tons of live anthrax bacteria were buried on the site during the 1980s.

The development and testing of such weapons represent a profound violation of ethical principles regarding human safety and global security. Following the discovery of still-living anthrax spores in 1999, a team from the United States conducted a cleanup operation at the burial sites in 2002.1