What is the Pantanal in the Paraguay River basin?

The Pantanal is one of the world’s largest freshwater wetlands and a vast, seasonal floodplain located primarily in south-central Brazil, extending into northeastern Paraguay and southeastern Bolivia.1

Situated along the upper Paraguay River and its tributaries, the region functions as a dynamic ecosystem. During the summer rainy season (November–March), the river overflows its banks, transforming the lowlands into a shallow, expansive lake filled with marshes and swamps. In the drier winter months, the waters recede, though the area remains partially saturated.12

The Pantanal is ecologically vital, providing a sanctuary for a diverse array of wildlife, including jaguars, caimans, and the jabiru stork. Beyond its biodiversity, the region serves critical environmental functions, such as water purification, groundwater recharge, and climate stabilization. Due to its ecological significance, parts of the Pantanal have been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage natural site.1