Britannica Sources used in this answer

What is the Golden Horseshoe and which Ontario cities are included in it?

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The Golden Horseshoe is a major metropolitan complex located in Southern Ontario that sprawls along the shore of Lake Ontario.1

This densely populated region includes the following cities and areas:

The region is characterized by significant urban growth, which has contributed to suburban sprawl that impacts surrounding farmland and natural features like the Oak Ridges Moraine.1